The complexity of the Multiple Pattern Matching Problem for random strings

We generalise a multiple string pattern matching algorithm, recently proposed by Fredriksson and Grabowski [J. Discr. Alg. 7, 2009], to deal with arbitrary dictionaries on an alphabet of size $s$. If $r_m$ is the number of words of length $m$ in the dictionary, and $\phi(r) = \max_m \ln(s\, m\, r_m)/m$, the complexity rate for the string characters to be read by this algorithm is at most $\kappa_{{}_\textrm{UB}}\, \phi(r)$ for some constant $\kappa_{{}_\textrm{UB}}$. On the other side, we generalise the classical lower bound of Yao [SIAM J. Comput. 8, 1979], for the problem with a single pattern, to deal with arbitrary dictionaries, and determine it to be at least $\kappa_{{}_\textrm{LB}}\, \phi(r)$. This proves the optimality of the algorithm, improving and correcting previous claims.Comment: 25 pages, 4 figure

On the genericity of Whitehead minimality

We show that a finitely generated subgroup of a free group, chosen uniformly at random, is strictly Whitehead minimal with overwhelming probability. Whitehead minimality is one of the key elements of the solution of the orbit problem in free groups. The proofs strongly rely on combinatorial tools, notably those of analytic combinatorics. The result we prove actually depends implicitly on the choice of a distribution on finitely generated subgroups, and we establish it for the two distributions which appear in the literature on random subgroups

Generic properties of subgroups of free groups and finite presentations

Asymptotic properties of finitely generated subgroups of free groups, and of finite group presentations, can be considered in several fashions, depending on the way these objects are represented and on the distribution assumed on these representations: here we assume that they are represented by tuples of reduced words (generators of a subgroup) or of cyclically reduced words (relators). Classical models consider fixed size tuples of words (e.g. the few-generator model) or exponential size tuples (e.g. Gromov's density model), and they usually consider that equal length words are equally likely. We generalize both the few-generator and the density models with probabilistic schemes that also allow variability in the size of tuples and non-uniform distributions on words of a given length.Our first results rely on a relatively mild prefix-heaviness hypothesis on the distributions, which states essentially that the probability of a word decreases exponentially fast as its length grows. Under this hypothesis, we generalize several classical results: exponentially generically a randomly chosen tuple is a basis of the subgroup it generates, this subgroup is malnormal and the tuple satisfies a small cancellation property, even for exponential size tuples. In the special case of the uniform distribution on words of a given length, we give a phase transition theorem for the central tree property, a combinatorial property closely linked to the fact that a tuple freely generates a subgroup. We then further refine our results when the distribution is specified by a Markovian scheme, and in particular we give a phase transition theorem which generalizes the classical results on the densities up to which a tuple of cyclically reduced words chosen uniformly at random exponentially generically satisfies a small cancellation property, and beyond which it presents a trivial group

Optimal prefix codes for pairs of geometrically-distributed random variables

Optimal prefix codes are studied for pairs of independent, integer-valued symbols emitted by a source with a geometric probability distribution of parameter $q$, $0{<}q{<}1$. By encoding pairs of symbols, it is possible to reduce the redundancy penalty of symbol-by-symbol encoding, while preserving the simplicity of the encoding and decoding procedures typical of Golomb codes and their variants. It is shown that optimal codes for these so-called two-dimensional geometric distributions are \emph{singular}, in the sense that a prefix code that is optimal for one value of the parameter $q$ cannot be optimal for any other value of $q$. This is in sharp contrast to the one-dimensional case, where codes are optimal for positive-length intervals of the parameter $q$. Thus, in the two-dimensional case, it is infeasible to give a compact characterization of optimal codes for all values of the parameter $q$, as was done in the one-dimensional case. Instead, optimal codes are characterized for a discrete sequence of values of $q$ that provide good coverage of the unit interval. Specifically, optimal prefix codes are described for $q=2^{-1/k}$ ($k\ge 1$), covering the range $q\ge 1/2$, and $q=2^{-k}$ ($k>1$), covering the range $q<1/2$. The described codes produce the expected reduction in redundancy with respect to the one-dimensional case, while maintaining low complexity coding operations.Comment: To appear in IEEE Transactions on Information Theor

Deciding the finiteness of the number of simple permutations contained in a wreath-closed class is polynomial

We present an algorithm running in time O(n ln n) which decides if a wreath-closed permutation class Av(B) given by its finite basis B contains a finite number of simple permutations. The method we use is based on an article of Brignall, Ruskuc and Vatter which presents a decision procedure (of high complexity) for solving this question, without the assumption that Av(B) is wreath-closed. Using combinatorial, algorithmic and language theoretic arguments together with one of our previous results on pin-permutations, we are able to transform the problem into a co-finiteness problem in a complete deterministic automaton

Enumeration of Pin-Permutations

39 pagesInternational audienceIn this paper, we study the class of pin-permutations, that is to say of permutations having a pin representation. This class has been recently introduced in an article of Brignall, Huczinska and Vatter, where it is used to find properties (algebraicity of the generating function, decidability of membership) of classes of permutations, depending on the simple permutations this class contains. We give a recursive characterization of the substitution decomposition trees of pin-permutations, which allows us to compute the generating function of this class, and consequently to prove, as it is conjectured, the rationality of this generating function. Moreover, we show that the basis of the pin-permutation class is infinite

Automates, énumération et algorithmes

Ces travaux s'inscrivent dans le cadre général de la théorie des automates, de la combinatoire des mots, de la combinatoire énumérative et de l'algorithmique. Ils ont en commun de traiter des automates et des langages réguliers, de problèmes d'énumération et de présenter des résultats constructifs, souvent explicitement sous forme d'algorithmes. Les domaines dont sont issus les problèmes abordés sont assez variés. Ce texte est compose de trois parties consacrées aux codes préfixes, à certaines séquences lexicographiques et à l'énumération d'automates

Combinatorial specification of permutation classes

This article presents a methodology that automatically derives a combinatorial specification for the permutation class C = Av(B), given its basis B of excluded patterns and the set of simple permutations in C, when these sets are both finite. This is achieved considering both pattern avoidance and pattern containment constraints in permutations.The obtained specification yields a system of equations satisfied by the generating function of C, this system being always positiveand algebraic. It also yields a uniform random sampler of permutations in C. The method presentedis fully algorithmic

On the genericity of Whitehead minimality

International audienceWe show that a finitely generated subgroup of a free group, chosen uniformly at random, is strictly Whitehead minimal with overwhelming probability. Whitehead minimality is one of the key elements of the solution of the orbit problem in free groups. The proofs strongly rely on combinatorial tools, notably those of analytic combinatorics. The result we prove actually depends implicitly on the choice of a distribution on finitely generated subgroups, and we establish it for the two distributions which appear in the literature on random subgroups